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Question: Discuss About The Mental Health Nursing Practice Affiliation? Answer: Introduction Mental disorders are known to affect the brain Accounting and cause the unusual behavior of an individual towards the people around them. In case study two, Susan experiences a disorder that affects her way of interacting with people and how she manages her own life. She is diagnosed with a Bipolar disorder which affects her mood and energy in her day to day life. The paper seeks to find the main causes of this disease according to research and refer the same information in Susans case. It is also important to identify some of the nursing plans that a patient with this condition should receive from their medical personnels. There are also some ethical considerations that can be derived from the case study regarding the medical ways of dealing with the patients on their journey to discovery. A condition that affects the mental activity of an individual requires special medical care to help the patient over come or reduce its impact on their lives. Biopsychosocial Factors Bipolar disorder is a mental condition that causes sudden shifts in an individuals mood, energy and their way of conducting their daily activities. The disorder is said to affect certain parts of the brain and usually occurs due to malfunctioning of individual body cells(Consortium, 2009). In most cases, the condition is often triggered by genetic, environmental and personal factors. The following are the leading causes of Bipolar disorder: Genetic factors Bipolar disorder usually comes as a result of an individuals genes and family ties depending on the biological line they follow. Most cases of the disease occur to people whose a member of their family was once suffering from it or some form of depression. In the case of Susan, her brother had past cases of depression whereby he committed suicide after being diagnosed with Bipolar disorder. Such like an occurrence puts Susan and other family members at a 40-70% chance of getting the same mental condition. An experiment conducted in 2001, indicated that identical twins are at a significant risk if one of them has Bipolar and the other one might also be a victim(Kato, 2007). The stronger the genetic composition, the more likely it is for individuals to have a similar mental condition. If a parent is suffering from this condition, then their children stand a greater risk of getting the same as compared to their nephews or grandchildren. Another study of adopted twins shows that the chil d linked to the family bloodline can suffer a genetic disorder while the adopted one is untouched (Lichtenstein, 2009). All this research indicates that Bipolar disorder travels through ancestral roots and that is also represented by Susans case. Environmental and Personal Factors These are factors that individuals can control with the way they conduct themselves and also through relating to others. Most peoples lives follow a particular routine, and when it changes, they can end up stressed(Truog, 2008)). One of the issues that cause Bipolar disorder is depression and stress due to personal issues. An individuals brain function suddenly shifts and is overworked for some time which now might cause the malfunctioning of certain cells. Personal issues like loss of family members loss of a job, divorce or overworking might lead to excessive thinking which is in one way or the other the greatest contributor to mental problems(Bora, (2009). Changing of the daily routine is also a contributing factor as the brain is already used to taking commands in a particular manner. When one turns their sleeping, eating or working patterns, then they might be at a significant risk of suffering Bipolar disorder. Environmental changes are also stated to make a major impact on peoples minds especially those with mental issues or the elderly. As one is already used to staying in a particular house or external environment, when it changes then they get confused. The daily confusion is therefore associated with some modifications in their moods which in the long run might cause the Bipolar disorder. Neurochemical factors In the development of any mental or general body condition, there are objective factors which only medical professionals can understand, linked to the condition. For Bipolar disorder, there are some chemical reactions in the human brain which occur at given times, and their frequency develops the mental condition(Torres, 2007). The brain cells transmit chemicals, and when they malfunction, these chemicals might be dangerous to their mental health. Since it is a biological issue, it might lie dormant for some time and get triggered by external forces like stress and depression. These factors are hard to control, but people are advised as much as possible to avoid sudden changes that might affect them emotionally and mentally. Nursing Interventions Bipolar disorder is a long life condition that affects an individual but can be reduced and maintained through proper medical attention. Specified registered nurses and doctors are qualified to care for a patient with these disorders and help them maintain a normal life like the rest of the population. Although the condition might escalate at some point, these professionals responsibility is to reduce its impact through the right medication, counseling and physical activity or rest (Suppes, 2009) A nurse is expected to provide individual activities to the patient in such a structured manner to provide them with focus and security. A person is rather restless and wants to be so much involved in the activities around them when the condition is at the peak. There is, therefore, the need for an encouraged resting period which the RN can take a step to facilitate and help prevent exhaustion for the patient(Torres, 2007). The medical professionals and family members should also ensure that the victim takes lots of high-calorie drinks like milk and fruit shakes to increase hydration which is necessary for recovery. Bipolar patients experience a lot of anxiety and might seem derived from their environment(Arts, 2008). The best way to reduce this stress is to stimulate their surroundings by regulating the aspects of noise, light, and ventilation in the patients residence. In the cases of acute mania, the nurse is allowed to use seclusion and phenothiazines to reduce physical harm. Som e of the things that cause exhaustion and death include constant physical action, dehydration and lack of sleep, if they can be reduced, then the patients health improves. Their social lives should also be monitored to ensure that they can live comfortably in all the sectors (Pyle, 2007). Most victims become too generous and extravagant which leads them into spending a lot of money for no good reason. It is therefore good for the involved party to ensure that there is someone to control their finances and property. In Susans case, her sisters are in charge of her funds as she is insensitive of excessive spending. Some of them are violent, and as a medical professional, you should work to redirect that energy into other activities. Physical activity and exercise is a good strategy for redirecting an individuals energy as well as maintaining focus. Ethical implications Bipolar or any other type of mental disorder changes peoples behaviors and might make them vulnerable to mistakes and misjudgments. That is why there are ethical guidelines to ensure that the victims receive the best treatment to provide for their recovery and positive response. Ethics at work Some of the individuals who suffer Bipolar disorder are on a regular working basis under strict guidelines and procedures. The condition makes them change their energy towards their daily activities which might negatively affect their working conditions. In return, their employers and colleagues start to treat them negatively and discriminatively(Watson, 2007). They are worried that they might maketing mistakes in their duties and lead to organizations failure. A mental condition always puts an individual at a risk of diverting focus, and if working in a sensitive position, they might be a danger to their clients and the organization at large(Becker, (2010, February). ). If for example, an individual is an engineer, then Bipolar disorder makes them neglect their important roles leading to high losses. It is however good for victims to report their case to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as they protect workers with medical conditions(Vieta, 2008). It is ethical for people a round the patients environment to treat them positively to make them think in the same direction. If they are holding sensitive positions, then it would be happy to relieve them of those duties and assign simpler and less risky tasks. Treatment Preferences Treatment for any mental condition is structured in such a way that it benefits the patient. This is where the medical professionals come in and are expected to give the best services as per the law. It is important to understand that despite the mental situation of an individual, their consent is required to conduct any treatment. However a medical professional involved in psychiatric care should be in a position to determine the situation of the patient and ensure they are mentally stable (Goodwin, (2007)). Since Bipolar patients change moods and energies frequently, the doctor is expected to observe their clients and calm them down to obtain their consent when they are on their best behavior. Informed consent is also crucial in this case, and the doctor should be able to advise the victims and their families on the best way of approaching the situation and let them decide. It is only ethical that the doctor takes instructions from the patients or their families as the contrary mig ht get them into trouble in a court of law(Weisler, 2011) Issues with the law The factors of consent come down to the law and how to deal with cases connected to the treatment of the Bipolar disorder. If a certain procedure conducted with or without the consent of the affected parties result in an adverse impact, then complaints might arise(Smith, 2007). The law states clearly that the medical professional is responsible for the outcomes if they were things they could control in the first instance. It is therefore advised that the doctors and nurses take all necessary precautions before administering any medical treatment for mental disorders. Conclusion Bipolar disorder affects the mental as well as the physical being of an individual which states its severe impact on a person. The main causes are genetic roots, environmental and physical issues of a person as well as Neurochemical factors. A Proper nursing intervention like seclusions and medication are required to ensure that the patient keeps getting better by the day. There are also ethical implications that come with a Bipolar disorder like in the treatment, at work and the law which ought to be considered. Mental disorders are of high impact to an individuals life and should, therefore, be maintained to help the victim with healing. References Arts, B. J. (2008). Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychological medicine, , 38(6), 771-785. Becker, S. P. ((2010, February). ). Wilderness therapy: Ethical considerations for mental health professionals. . 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Continuation of quetiapine versus switching to placebo or lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder (Trial 144: a randomized controlled study). The Journal of c .